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Yesterday, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) posted Q&A-style guidance for parents and educators on the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). This is particularly important for Louisiana, as Governor John Bel Edwards announced that its “very likely” that schools will remain closed through the remainder of the academic year. For parents, teachers, and school administrators, the information below is a succinct and important read from the FTC:
What is the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)? Importantly, COPPA does not impose obligations on schools. Instead, COPPA spells out what operators of commercial websites and online services, including some ed tech services, must do to protect children’s privacy and safety online. For example, if your company is covered by COPPA, you need to have certain information in your privacy policy and get parental consent before collecting some types of information from kids under 13. In addition, companies covered by COPPA must also maintain reasonable data security practices to, for example, protect hackers from accessing student accounts.
Does COPPA apply to ed tech services used for remote learning? At the outset, we want to stress that COPPA is not a barrier to schools providing robust remote learning opportunities through ed tech services. COPPA generally requires companies that collect personal information online from children under age 13 to provide notice of their data collection and use practices and obtain verifiable parental consent. In the educational context, however, schools can consent on behalf of parents to the collection of student personal information — but only if such information is used for a school-authorized educational purpose and for no other commercial purpose. This is true whether the learning takes place in the classroom or at home at the direction of the school.
How can ed tech services get consent from a school? For the ed tech service to get consent from the school instead of from the parent, the service must provide the school the necessary COPPA-required notice of its data collection and use practices. Want to know what the notice should look like? Read Section C of the FTC’s COPPA FAQs. As a best practice, ed tech services should make the COPPA notice available to parents, and, where feasible, let parents review the personal information collected. In addition, ed tech services should use plain language that students, parents, and educators can easily understand.
What if the ed tech services are for students over the age of 13? Even for students who are 13 or older and not covered by COPPA, ed tech services should not use less care or engage in different practices simply because a student is engaged in remote learning rather than using the ed tech service in the classroom.
Are there other laws that ed tech vendors should be aware of? In addition to COPPA, ed tech services should review the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA) — laws administered by the U.S. Department of Education’s Student Privacy Policy Office (SPPO) — as well as any of the state laws that protect the privacy of K-12 students. Also, check out the U.S. Department of Education’s new information on FERPA and Virtual Learning. SPPO’s website includes best practices and potential terms of service that may be helpful to include in an agreement between schools and ed tech vendors. And, of course, Section 5 of the FTC Act prohibits all companies from engaging in unfair or deceptive practices.
Is there any advice for schools that are using ed tech services? Keep in mind that, because COPPA applies only to operators of commercial websites and services, it generally does not impose obligations directly on schools. Nevertheless, as schools and school districts move to remote learning, they should consult with their attorneys and information security specialists to review the privacy and security policies of the ed tech services they use. Schools or school districts should decide whether a particular site’s or service’s privacy and information practices are appropriate, rather than delegating that decision to the teacher. Also, the school or school district should give parents a notice of the websites and online services whose collection they have consented to on behalf of the parent. In deciding which online technologies to use with students, a school should be careful to understand how an operator will collect, use, and disclose personal information from its students. Among the questions that a school should ask potential operators are:
· What types of personal information will you collect from students?
· How do you use this personal information?
· Do you use or share the information for commercial purposes not related to the provision of the online services requested by the school? For instance, do you use students’ personal information in connection with generating targeted advertising, or building user profiles for commercial purposes not related to the provision of the online service? If so, the school cannot consent on behalf of the parent.
· Do you let the school review and have deleted the personal information collected from their students? If not, the school cannot consent on behalf of the parent.
· What measures do you take to protect the security, confidentiality, and integrity of the personal information that you collect?
· What are your data retention and deletion policies for children’s personal information?